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GPIO模拟I2C是嵌入式中较为常用的一种应用。各个地方有各种不同的做法,按照我自己的个人理解,最好是把I2C的各种状态分割开来,比如起始条件终止条件,读数据和写数据,然后根据具体的使用场合组合起来。这里需要注意两点:一是SCL的波形并不规律,不能将它理解为方波,它本身只是一段段独立的波形。二是每段操作时,之前和之后的SCL和SDA波形是可以忽略的;通常情况下I2C开始之前和I2C结束之后,两者都是有上拉的高电平,而在正常工作时两者不受控制的情况下都是默认低电平。三是I2C是要默认外部上拉的,但是不能有内部上拉也就是必须内部下拉,否则会出现I2C传输时的错误。
(1)基础宏定义#define GPIO_SCL S3C2410_GPF3#define GPIO_SDA S3C2410_GPF0#define GPIO_SDA_OUTP S3C2410_GPF0_OUTP //设定SDA输出#define GPIO_SDA_INP S3C2410_GPF0_INP //设定SDA输入#define GPIO_SCL_OUTP S3C2410_GPF3_OUTP //设定SCL输出void I2C_SCL_OUTP( void ){ s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(GPIO_SCL,GPIO_SCL_OUTP);}void I2C_SCL_Output(u8 value){ if(value) { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(GPIO_SCL,value); } else { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(GPIO_SCL,value ); } } void I2C_SDA_Mode(u8 v_mode) //SDA输出方向{ if(v_mode) { s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(GPIO_SDA, GPIO_SDA_OUTP); } else { s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(GPIO_SDA, GPIO_SDA_INP); }}void I2C_SDA_Output(u8 value){ if(value) { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(GPIO_SDA,value); } else { s3c2410_gpio_setpin(GPIO_SDA,value ); }}u8 I2C_SDA_Read(void) //SDA读数据{ return s3c2410_gpio_getpin(GPIO_SDA); }(2)基础段void I2C_Init(void){ I2C_SDA_Output(1); I2C_SCL_Output(1); //默认拉高}void I2C_Wait(void){ u16 i; for(i=0;i<200;i++);}void I2C_Start(void) { I2C_SDA_Output(1); I2C_SCL_Output(1); I2C_Wait(); I2C_SDA_Output(0); I2C_Wait(); I2C_SCL_Output(0);}void I2C_Stop(void) { I2C_SDA_Output(0); I2C_Wait(); I2C_SCL_Output(1); I2C_Wait(); I2C_SDA_Output(1);}(3)读写单个字节的段u8 I2C_Send_Byte(u8 bytedata) { u8 i,ack; I2C_SDA_Mode(1); //SDA输出 I2C_SCL_OUTP(); for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { if (bytedata & 0x80) { I2C_SDA_Output(1); } else { I2C_SDA_Output(0); } bytedata <<= 1; I2C_SCL_Output(1); udelay(3); I2C_SCL_Output(0); udelay(1); } I2C_SDA_Output(1); //release udelay(3); I2C_SDA_Mode(0); //设定SDA输入 I2C_SCL_Output(1); udelay(3); ack = I2C_SDA_Read(); //读应答 I2C_SDA_Mode(1); I2C_SCL_Output(0); udelay(3); return ack; }u8 I2C_Receive_Byte(void) { u8 i; u8 bytedata = 0x00; u8 temp; I2C_SDA_Mode(0); for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++) { I2C_SCL_Output(1); udelay(3); bytedata <<= 1; temp = I2C_SDA_Read(); printk("reda SDA'value is:%d/n",temp); if (temp) bytedata |= 0x01; printk(" bytedata is:%x/n",bytedata); I2C_SCL_Output(0); udelay(1); } I2C_SDA_Mode(1); return bytedata;}(4)读写单个字节的I2C应用函数u8 I2C_Byte_Write(u8 device_ID,u8 address,u8 bytedata){ u8 ack; printk("device_ID is:%x/n",device_ID); printk("address is:%x/n",address); printk("date is:%x/n",bytedata); I2C_Start(); ack=I2C_Send_Byte(device_ID); printk("ack is:%d/n",ack); if(ack) I2C_Stop(); I2C_Send_Byte(address); I2C_Send_Byte(bytedata); I2C_Stop(); I2C_Wait(); return 0;}u8 I2C_Byte_Read(u8 device_ID,u8 address){ u8 bytedata; I2C_Start(); I2C_Send_Byte(device_ID); I2C_Send_Byte(address); I2C_Start(); I2C_Send_Byte(device_ID+1); bytedata = I2C_Receive_Byte(); //读单个字节,不需要再发应答 I2C_Stop(); return bytedata;}(5)类似可以完成读写多个字节的函数,暂不补充。
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第二种方式也可以用
#ifdef I2C_USE_GPIO#define GPIO_I2C_DEBUG#define GPIO_I2C_SDA_PIN GPIO_I2C1_SCA_PIN#define GPIO_I2C_SCA_PIN GPIO_I2C1_SDA_PIN#define GPIO_SDA_OUTP mt_set_gpio_dir(GPIO_I2C_SDA_PIN,GPIO_DIR_OUT) //设定SDA输出#define GPIO_SDA_INP mt_set_gpio_dir(GPIO_I2C_SDA_PIN,GPIO_DIR_IN) //设定SDA输入#define GPIO_SCL_OUTP mt_set_gpio_dir(GPIO_I2C_SCA_PIN,GPIO_DIR_OUT) //设定SCL输出#define I2C_SDA_Output(value) mt_set_gpio_out(GPIO_I2C_SDA_PIN,value)#define I2C_SCL_Output(value) mt_set_gpio_out(GPIO_I2C_SCA_PIN,value)#define DELAY_TIME 0xc0u8 I2C_SDA_Read(void) //SDA读数据{ return mt_get_gpio_in(GPIO_I2C_SDA_PIN); }void I2C_Init(void){ mt_set_gpio_mode(GPIO_I2C_SDA_PIN,GPIO_MODE_00); mt_set_gpio_mode(GPIO_I2C_SCA_PIN,GPIO_MODE_00); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; GPIO_SCL_OUTP; I2C_SDA_Output(1); I2C_SCL_Output(1); //默认拉高}#define I2C_START_TRANSMISSION \ { \ volatile u8 idx; \ GPIO_SCL_OUTP; \ GPIO_SDA_OUTP; \ I2C_SDA_Output(1); \ for (idx = 0; idx < DELAY_TIME; idx++); \ I2C_SCL_Output(1); \ for (idx = 0; idx < DELAY_TIME; idx++); \ I2C_SDA_Output(0); \ for (idx = 0; idx < DELAY_TIME; idx++); \ I2C_SCL_Output(0); \ } #define I2C_STOP_TRANSMISSION \ { \ volatile u8 idx; \ GPIO_SCL_OUTP; \ GPIO_SDA_OUTP; \ I2C_SCL_Output(0); \ I2C_SDA_Output(0); \ for (idx = 0; idx < DELAY_TIME; idx++); \ I2C_SCL_Output(1); \ for (idx = 0; idx < DELAY_TIME; idx++); \ I2C_SDA_Output(1); \ }static kal_uint8 I2C_Send_Byte(kal_uint8 send_byte){ volatile signed char i = 0; volatile kal_uint16 j = 0; kal_uint8 ack = 0; for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--) { if (send_byte&(1 << i)) { I2C_SDA_Output(1); } else { I2C_SDA_Output(0); } for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; /* only for delay */ for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); } GPIO_SDA_INP; for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); ack = I2C_SDA_Read(); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; return ack;}static kal_uint8 I2C_Receive_Byte(void){ volatile signed char i = 0; volatile kal_uint16 j = 0; kal_uint8 get_byte = 0; GPIO_SDA_INP; for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--) { // data bit 7~0 I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); if (I2C_SDA_Read()) { get_byte |= (1 << i); } for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); } // don't care bit, 9th bit GPIO_SDA_OUTP; I2C_SDA_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); return get_byte;} static kal_uint16 I2C_Receive_word(void){ volatile signed char i = 0; volatile kal_uint32 j = 0; kal_uint16 get_byte = 0; for (i = 15; i >= 8; i--) { GPIO_SDA_INP; for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); if (I2C_SDA_Read()) get_byte |= (1 << i); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); } I2C_SDA_Output(0); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; /* just for delay */ for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); for (; i >= 0; i--) { GPIO_SDA_INP; for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); if (I2C_SDA_Read()) get_byte |= (1 << i); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0; j < DELAY_TIME; j++); } I2C_SDA_Output(1); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(1); for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); GPIO_SDA_OUTP; /* just for delay */ for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); I2C_SCL_Output(0); for (j = 0;j < DELAY_TIME; j++); return get_byte;}u8 I2C_Byte_Write(u8 * a_puBuff , u8 len , u8 i2c_addr){ kal_uint8 fail_try_no = 4; volatile signed char i = 0 ; u8 ack_flag = 0; while (--fail_try_no > 0) { ack_flag = 0; I2C_START_TRANSMISSION; if (I2C_Send_Byte(i2c_addr)) continue; for(i = 0 ;i < len;i++){ if (I2C_Send_Byte(a_puBuff[i])){ ack_flag = 1; break; } } if(ack_flag) continue; break; } I2C_STOP_TRANSMISSION; return 0;}u8 I2C_Bytes_Read(u8 *a_puBuff, u8 reglen ,u8 *byteget,u8 bytelen,u8 i2c_addr){ kal_uint16 get_byte = 0xFFFF; kal_uint8 fail_try_no = 4; volatile kal_uint32 i = 0; u8 ack_flag = 0; while (--fail_try_no > 0) { ack_flag = 0; I2C_START_TRANSMISSION; if (I2C_Send_Byte(i2c_addr)) continue; //send reg for(i = 0 ;i < reglen;i++){ if (I2C_Send_Byte(a_puBuff[i])){ ack_flag = 1; break; } } if(ack_flag) continue; I2C_START_TRANSMISSION; if (I2C_Send_Byte(i2c_addr | 1)) continue; if(bytelen == 1) byteget[0] = get_byte = I2C_Receive_Byte(); //读单个字节,不需要再发应答 else if(bytelen > 1) { get_byte=I2C_Receive_word(); byteget[1] = get_byte & 0x00ff; byteget[0] = (get_byte & 0xff00) >> 8; } break; } I2C_STOP_TRANSMISSION; printk("----%s---read data %x---\n",__func__,get_byte); return get_byte;} int iWriteRegI2C(u8 *a_pSendData , u16 a_sizeSendData, u16 i2cId){ I2C_Byte_Write(a_pSendData,a_sizeSendData,i2cId); return 0;}int iReadRegI2C(u8 *a_pSendData , u16 a_sizeSendData, u8 * a_pRecvData, u16 a_sizeRecvData, u16 i2cId){ I2C_Bytes_Read(a_pSendData,a_sizeSendData,a_pRecvData,a_sizeRecvData,i2cId); return 0;}#endif
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